One of the pillars of a horticulture course is soil science, without which the fabric of the students education would be ripped apart. Crop nutrition, soil fertility and soil management are all fundamental concepts in plant development that must be understood and mastered. Soil science is not study of soil. These discipline emphases on the enhancement of soil conditions for agronomic management and the preservation of natural resources.
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DNA sequencing
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Fermentation
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Cell based assay
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Nano biotechnology
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Chromatography
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PCR technology
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Tissue engineering and regeneration
Sustainable agriculture refers to the production of food and fibre through a system that increases the considerable productive potential of natural and biological resources in response to demand. Sustainability is based on the premise that we must satisfy current aspirations without jeopardising future generations ability to meet their own needs. Environmental health, economic productivity and social and financial fairness are the three core aims of sustainable agriculture.Sustainable agriculture is a dynamic idea and better agricultural process of on-farm revolution aimed at achieving the goal of sustainability.
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Conventional agriculture
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Plant disease control
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Renewable energy production and consumption
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Quality of Farm Managerial skills
Fish farming is another name for aquaculture. It is concerned with the growth, development and enhancement of flora and animals found in aquatic environments. It is also active in the seafood industry. Aquaculture continues to be the most important source of aquatic food in Asia and across the world. In many developing nations with a coastline, fisheries and aquaculture are at the heart of development. Production of raised fish and shellfish does increase world fish materials.
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Shrimp aquaculture
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Global aquaculture alliance
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Aquaculture systems
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Aquaculture engineering
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Disease and immunology
Agribusiness include agricultural input companies, post-harvest goods incorporating food processing commodities, food suppliers, market analysis, and agribusiness activities, which include bankers, brokers, advertising agencies and market intelligence organisations. Agribusiness has evolved into an essential element of society not merely as a source of revenue.
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Agricultural input sector
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Agriculture economics
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Market and Market analysis
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Profitability
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Processing-manufacturing sector
Agricultural engineering is a branch of engineering that teaches engineering, science and methods to help farmers improve and sustain their methods and output. Agricultural engineering combines knowledge from mechanical, civil and electrical engineering concepts with agricultural concepts. Construction of agricultural infrastructure, such as water reservoirs, warehouses, dams and other structures is covered. This discipline's goal is to increase the efficiency and long-term viability of agricultural methods.
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Soil Science
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Soil and Water Conservation Engineering
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Operation Research
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Dairy and Food Engineering
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Environmental Studies
Agricultural climatology is a field of study that studies how climate affects the cultural conditions of agricultural plants, animal husbandry, the incidence of harmful impacts and most importantly agricultural operational procedures in general. The outcomes of relevant investigations are referred to as "planning information" collectively. The use of yearly divisions drawn from the universal calendar for time periods is widespread in climate statistics.
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Natural hazards
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Greenhouse effect
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Agro-climatic zones
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Response of crops to climate change
Food security in a population implies that everyone has adequate food at all times to fulfil their dietary needs for a creative and active life. Food security has always been a crucial issue for human civilizations throughout history. Concerns regarding the effects of financial development/crisis and population increase on universal food security and food production have grown in recent decades. Farming and Food Security meets the needs of the global agriculture community from smallholder farmers in impoverished countries to biotechnology breakthroughs. It discusses the difficulty of universal food security and encouragesresearch toward more sustainable/traditional farming and food systems that help represent local, regional, national and nutritional needs.
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Food availability
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Food quality
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Food access
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Food utilisation
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Agricultural productivity
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Food management
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Population growth
Agricultural Risk Management (ARM) is a sophisticated approach to increase the flexibility of vulnerable rural people while also leveraging financing and investment. Risk management enables farmers and businesses to be more active while also improving their ability to identify plan for absorb and adjust to risks and uncertainties.
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Agriculture entomology
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Production and Price Risks
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Determinants of Crop Failure
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Natural hazards
Crop waste management entails keeping 60 percent of the soil surface covered during planting to maintain water quality. Crop residue management also enhances infiltration, aeration and tilth while protecting the soil from wind and rain erosion. It also adds organic material to the soil preserves soil moisture and enhances infiltration, aeration and tilth. Reduced soil erosion, sedimentation and pollution from dissolved sediment associated chemicals might all be advantages. Crop waste, such as wheat straw and maize stalks may be used to make cellulosic ethanol, which might help the transportation industry reach advanced biofuel aspirations and decarbonization ambitions.
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Livestock feed
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Compost making
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Renewable energy
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Bio-fuel and bio-oil production
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Bio-methanation
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Weed control practices and methods
Agricultural equipment is a term that refers to the mechanical structures and equipment that are utilised in farming and other forms of agriculture. Hand tools and power tools, as well as tractors and the myriad sorts of farm implements that they tow or control, are all examples of such equipment. Both organic and nonorganic farming require a wide range of equipment. Agricultural technology has become an integral aspect of how the world gets fed, especially with the introduction of automated agriculture.
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Technical Transformation in Agriculture
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Farm machinery
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Farm power units
Agricultural irrigation water management is the activity of monitoring and controlling the quantity, volume, and control of water delivery based on seasonal crop needs while taking into account soil input and water holding capacity. To achieve optimal yields, soil moisture should be controlled to avoid extensive percolation (soil physics) losses or runoff. A key factor in the effectiveness of an irrigation system is management. Irrigation necessitates vast amounts of water and in many cases substantial labour inputs. Only if water is used efficiently will the irrigator see a return on his or her irrigation instrument investments.
Food security is intimately linked to agricultural growth. It also serves as a catalyst for general financial growth in many underdeveloped countries. The agricultural sector's prosperity has not been fairly distributed among areas and countries. The world's population is predicted to reach 9 to 10 billion people by 2050.The majority of development is predicted to take place in poor nations, where the income elasticity of food demand is still strong. By 2050 the rising population along with relatively strong wage growth might result in a demand for food and other agricultural goods that is more than 70% higher.
Post-harvest technology is an inter-disciplinary "Science and Technique" that is used to agricultural products after harvest for the purpose of protecting, conserving, processing, packing, distribution, marketing and use in order to fulfil people's food and nutritional needs. To increase agricultural output avoid post-harvest losses promote nutrition and add value to goods, it must evolve in accordance with the demands of each society.
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Maturity assessment and prediction
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Product quality, safety, control
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Postharvest pathology
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Food traceability
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Food processing and preservation
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Reduction of postharvest losses
Agricultural production systems are made up of a variety of processes and factors that interact in complex ways to impact the long-term viability of output. In reaction to fluctuations in production costs, customer requirements and growing concerns about food and nutrition, food security and environmental effect farming production systems evolve quickly. The use of agricultural production systems modelling has rapidly grown during the last decade, whereas model creation has received less attention.
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Sustainable agricultural production
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Mixed-enterprise production systems
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Crop cultivation systems
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Livestock production
Organic farming is a process that entails growing plants and raising animals in a natural environment. To preserve soil fertility and ecological balance while reducing pollution and waste, this approach employs organic resources while avoiding synthetic compounds. In other words, organic farming is a farming method that involves growing and nurturing crops without the use of synthetic based fertilizers and pesticides. Also, no genetically modified organisms are permitted.
Agriculture in the future will require three types of innovation: technical, social and financial. Advanced agricultural technology will enable the responsible and long-term production of enough and nutritious food to meet the changing demands of a growing global population. The major study question was: Which new talents – or new applications of current technology – may have a significant influence on the agricultural and food sectors
Agricultural biotechnology also known as agritech, which is a branch of agricultural science that involves the modification of living organisms such as plants, animals and microorganisms using scientific tools and techniques such as genetic engineering, molecular markers, molecular diagnostics, vaccines and tissue culture. Crop biotechnology is an area of agricultural biotechnology that has seen a lot of advancement recently. Desirable traits are transferred from one Crop species to another. These transgenic crops have desired traits like as flavour, floral colour, growth rate, harvested product size and disease and insect resistance.
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Herbicide.
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Bacillus Thuringiensis.
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Plant Breeding.
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Genetic Engineering.
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PCR technology
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Tissue engineering and regeneration
Agronomy is the science of growing and using plants for a variety of purposes, including soil, agricultural products and water management. Scientists are studying the performance of plants under a variety of ecological situations, such as climate, soil type, irrigation, fertilisation and so on, in agronomy. Crop science is the study of crops, seed production, biological crops, crop technology transpiration, field crops, and irrigation technology. It is a broad field that includes crop and animal feed breeding, genetics, production and management.
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Seed technology
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Forage crop & grass science
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Crop genetics and breeding
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Physiology and ecological research on herbs
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Efficient crop production
Agroforestry is the deliberate incorporation of trees and shrubs with crops and animals in order to achieve ecological, economical and social benefits. Agroforestry and social forestry are two distinct ideas. Landscaping is the process of designing, implementing and conserving the land that surrounds a property. This includes, but is not limited to architectural, gardening and outdoor design elements.
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Agri silvicultural
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Silvopastoral systems
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Agrosylvopastoral
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Roof Gardening
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Forest product trading
